Archbishops of Canterbury
(597 – 1066)
Overview
From the arrival of Augustine in 597 to Stigand in 1066, the Archbishops of Canterbury played a crucial role in shaping England’s religious and political landscape. They oversaw the establishment and growth of Christianity in England, often navigating complex relationships with kings and other power brokers. The archbishops were instrumental in organizing the church, creating diocesan structures, and spreading Christianity both within England and to other parts of Europe. They also faced challenges such as the influence of paganism, power struggles with other kingdoms, and the integration of Scandinavian settlers. This period saw the rise of Canterbury as a center of ecclesiastical power, with its archbishops wielding significant influence over the country’s affairs.
Image: Canterbury Cathedral: south side. By Wenceslaus Hollar (1607-1677)
List of Archbishops of Canterbury (597-1066)
597 | Augustine
Arrived in Kent as a missionary from Rome and became the first Archbishop of Canterbury. He was instrumental in establishing Christianity in the region and converting King Ethelbert of Kent. Read more >>
604 | Laurentius
Nominated by Augustine as his successor, Laurentius faced challenges when King Ethelbert’s pagan son, Eadbald, succeeded him.
619 | Mellitus
Appointed by Pope Gregory the Great, Mellitus became the first Bishop of London and played a significant role in the conversion of the Kingdom of Essex to Christianity.
624 | Justus
After the death of Archbishop Mellitus, Justus was appointed as the Archbishop of Canterbury. During Justus’s tenure as archbishop, the Kingdom of Northumbria embraced Christianity, marking a significant expansion of the Christian faith in England. Read more >>
627 | Honorius
The last of the group of Roman missionaries who had accompanied St. Augustine to England. He faced challenges in maintaining the growth of Christianity in England.
655 | Deusdedit
Became Archbishop of Canterbury during a period of stability in England. He worked to organize and strengthen the English Church during his tenure.
668 | Theodore of Tarsus
The first Archbishop of Canterbury of Greek descent, Theodore reorganized the English Church, creating the diocesan structure and unifying the people of England.
693 | Berhtwald
The first archbishop of English birth, Berhtwald worked with King Wihtred of Kent to develop the laws of the land, further establishing the influence of the Church.
731 | Tatwine
Continued the work of his predecessors in leading the Church in England, overseeing its growth and organization.
735 | Nothelm
Known for his efforts in collecting and preserving historical documents of the Church, contributing to the recording of early English history.
740 | Cuthbert
Established England as an important base from which Anglo-Saxon missionaries were dispatched abroad, contributing to the spread of Christianity. Read more >>
761 | Bregowine
Continued the work of his predecessors in leading the Church in England, facing challenges posed by political and religious developments.
765 | Jaenberht
Faced challenges due to shifting power dynamics between the kingdoms of Kent and Mercia, which affected the influence of Canterbury.
793 | Ethelheard
Initially chosen by King Offa of Mercia to elevate Lichfield as the premier archbishopric, Ethelheard later reinstated Canterbury’s traditional superiority through his actions.
805 | Wulfred
Faced frequent disputes with the kings of Mercia and was at one stage exiled by King Cenwulf, which disrupted his rule.
832 | Feologeld
His policies aimed to maintain Canterbury’s superiority within the Church of England, but he faced challenges in doing so.
833 | Ceolnoth
Strengthened Canterbury’s position by forming close relationships with the Kings of Wessex and abandoning the pro-Mercian policies of his predecessor.
870 | Ethelred
Faced challenges during his tenure as Archbishop of Canterbury, navigating the complex political and religious landscape of the time.
890 | Plegmund
Appointed by Alfred the Great, Plegmund played an influential role in the conversion of the Danelaw to Christianity, contributing to the expansion of the Church.
914 | Athelm
Continued the work of his predecessors in leading the Church in England, facing challenges posed by external pressures.
923 | Wulfhelm
Continued the work of his predecessors in leading the Church in England, contributing to its stability and growth.
942 | Oda
Organized the reintroduction of a bishopric into the Scandinavian settlements of East Anglia, furthering the spread of Christianity.
959 | Brithelm
Continued the work of his predecessors in leading the Church in England, maintaining its influence and presence.
959 | Aelfsige
Continued the work of his predecessors in leading the Church in England, navigating the challenges of the time.
960 | Dunstan
Known for his reform efforts and close relationship with King Edwy, Dunstan became Archbishop of Canterbury in 960. He played a significant role in shaping both the Church and the kingdom.
988 | Ethelgar
Continued the work of his predecessors in leading the Church in England, contributing to its stability and growth.
990 | Sigeric
Associated with the policy of paying Danegeld to fend off Scandinavian attacks, Sigeric played a role in protecting the Church and the kingdom.
995 | Aelfric
Continued the work of his predecessors in leading the Church in England, facing the challenges of the time.
1005 | Alphege
Known for his martyrdom after being captured and murdered by the Danes, Alphege became a symbol of resistance and faith.
1013 | Lyfing
Continued the work of his predecessors in leading the Church in England, contributing to its resilience.
1020 | Ethelnoth
The first monk of the Canterbury monastery to be elected archbishop, Ethelnoth brought his unique perspective to the role.
1038 | Eadsige
Continued the work of his predecessors in leading the Church in England, facing the challenges of the time.
1051 | Robert of Jumieges
His elevation to archbishop fueled a civil war between Edward the Confessor and Earl Godwine of Wessex, contributing to political instability.
1052 | Stigand
Became archbishop after the expulsion of Robert of Jumieges but was never recognized by the church in Rome. His controversial appointment and actions led to his eventual deposition by Papal Legate.
Related Topics
Further Research & Sources
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Translated by J. A. Giles, edited by William Smith, Project Gutenberg, 2005. – https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/657
Bede, The Ecclesiastical History of the English People. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
Keynes, Simon, and Michael Lapidge, eds. The Cambridge Companion to Anglo-Saxon England. Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Malmesbury, William of. The Deeds of the Bishops of England (Gesta Pontificum Anglorum). Translated by David Preest. Suffolk: UK, Boydell Press, 2002.
Morris, Marc. The Anglo-Saxons: A History of the Beginnings of England, 400-1066. New York, NY. Pegasus Books, Ltd. 2021.
Stenton, Frank. The Anglo-Saxons. London, UK. Oxford University Press, 1971.
Whitelock, Dorothy, ed. English Historical Documents. Volume 1: c.500-1042. Routledge, 1996.